What can the recursion technique help solve in programming?

The recursion technique is particularly effective in solving complex problems by allowing a function to call itself multiple times, which helps break down a larger problem into smaller, more manageable subproblems. This approach is especially useful in areas such as algorithms for tree traversals, quicksort, and factorial calculations, where the solution to a problem involves solving instances of the same problem on smaller inputs.

In recursive functions, the base case provides a condition under which the recursion terminates, while the recursive case handles the reduction of the problem size and makes further calls to the function. By leveraging this iterative self-calling mechanism, recursion can elegantly solve problems that may not be easily addressed through simple iterative loops alone.