What characterizes a logical error?

A logical error occurs when a program compiles and runs without crashing, but it does not produce the expected outcome or behaves in a manner that doesn't align with the programmer's intentions. This type of error is often subtle and can lead to incorrect results without any apparent signs of malfunction during execution.

In contrast, choices suggesting that the program fails to compile, runs with no output, or encounters a system failure describe other types of issues. Failing to compile indicates a syntax error, running without output can suggest an infinite loop or uninitialized outputs, and system failures are indicative of runtime errors or issues that lead to crashes. In the case of a logical error, everything may seem to function correctly at first glance, but the logic applied in the code leads to erroneous results, which makes this type of error particularly challenging to detect and correct.