What does "debugging" refer to in computer programming?

Debugging refers specifically to the process of identifying and resolving errors or bugs within a computer program. When a programmer writes code, it may not always work as intended due to syntax errors, logical errors, or unexpected inputs, among other issues. Debugging involves a systematic approach to discovering the source of these issues and implementing fixes to ensure that the program runs smoothly and correctly. This process may include using debugging tools, adding print statements to track variable values during execution, and reviewing code line by line to isolate and address the problem areas.

The other options represent different aspects of programming but do not capture the essence of what debugging entails. For example, writing new code focuses on the creation of software rather than fixing existing problems. Optimizing code for performance is about improving efficiency and speed rather than correcting errors. Documenting program functions is concerned with providing clarity and description for how parts of the program work, which is separate from the troubleshooting focus of debugging.