What is the definition of recursion in programming?

Recursion in programming refers to the process where a function calls itself in order to solve a problem. This technique is often used to break down complex problems into simpler sub-problems, allowing the function to solve each smaller part until it reaches a base case, at which point the calls can be resolved in sequence. In typical recursive functions, there is a base case that stops the recursion when a certain condition is met, preventing infinite loops and ensuring proper termination of the process.

The importance of understanding recursion lies in its ability to elegantly handle tasks that involve repetitive structures or patterns, such as traversing complex data structures like trees or performing calculations in a natural and readable way. It's a fundamental concept in computer science that illustrates the power of functions and their ability to manipulate data.