Which of the following best describes distributed computing?

Distributed computing best describes a model where components are networked to communicate. This approach involves a system where multiple computers (or nodes) are connected over a network, allowing them to share resources and perform computations collaboratively. The key aspect of distributed computing is the ability to leverage multiple machines in different locations to handle tasks more efficiently and provide improved performance and fault tolerance.

This model can involve various configurations, including clusters, grids, and even cloud computing, where the files, processes, and data are spread out across numerous systems while working together as a cohesive whole. This leads to better resource utilization and can enhance the system's reliability.

In contrast, other options do not accurately capture the essence of distributed computing. A single system architecture refers to a centralized approach, which does not involve distribution across multiple components. Methods for data encryption relate to securing information rather than the structure of computing systems. Similarly, reducing software bugs is about software quality assurance, rather than the architectural design defined by distributed computing.