Which of the following best defines machine learning?

Machine learning is best defined as a subset of artificial intelligence. This is because machine learning involves algorithms and statistical models that enable computers to perform tasks without explicit programming for each specific function. Instead, it allows systems to learn from and make predictions based on data.

In the context of artificial intelligence, machine learning is a crucial component that enables computers to improve their performance over time as they process more data. This differentiates it from other technological concepts. For example, data storage refers to how data is kept and retrieved, while programming languages are tools for writing software. Additionally, hardware components are physical parts of a computer system, which do not inherently involve learning processes. Thus, understanding machine learning as a part of artificial intelligence emphasizes its role in developing intelligent systems that can adapt and improve autonomously.