Which programming construct is used for making decisions?

The correct answer is the use of if-else statements, which are specifically designed for making decisions based on certain conditions in a program. When a programmer needs to execute different actions depending on whether a condition is true or false, if-else statements provide a clear and structured way to implement this logic.

In programming, if-else statements allow for branching; that is, they enable the flow of control to change depending on the evaluation of a given condition. For example, you might use an if-else statement to determine whether a user's input meets a specific criterion, and then respond accordingly by executing different code blocks. This decision-making capability is fundamental to creating responsive and dynamic applications.

While loops, functions, and arrays serve important roles in programming, they do not inherently provide the ability to make conditional decisions. Loops are used for repeated execution of a block of code, functions encapsulate reusable blocks of code to perform specific tasks, and arrays are data structures that store collections of elements. Each of these constructs contributes to a program's functionality, but none are focused specifically on making decisions based on conditions in the same way that if-else statements do.